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» » Input / Output Redirection...!!! Presented By :- Akash Patel

Input / Output Redirection

Presented By :-  Akash Patel


Three standard file descriptors :-


1. stdin 0 - Standard input to the program.
2. stdout 1 - Standard output from the program.
3. stderr 2 - Standard error output from the program.

Purpose & Command :-

                                                         
1) redirect std output to filename:-                        > filename or 1> filename

2) append std out to filename:-                              >> filename

3) append std out and std error to filename :-        >> filename 2>&1 or 1>> filename 2>&1

4) take input from filename :-                                < filename or 0 < filename

5) redirect std error to filename :-                          2> filename

6) redirect std out and std error to filename :- 1> filename 2>&1 or > filename 2>&1
   


Some examples of using I/O redirection :-

1. Simple output _ errors :-



2. Output in file _ error in display :-



3. Appending output in file :-




4. Redirect errors in file :-



5. Append errors as previous :-



6. Discarding errors _ send to null=0 :-



7. Save output _ error in one file :-



8. Save output _ error in seprate file :-



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